The Video Game Systems And The Internet - 1158 Words

Pinball is a game many remember fondly, though few venture to play. Initially, pinball was replaced by video games such as Pong, Space Invaders, and Pac Man; eventually even they would be forgotten in favor of home video game systems and the internet. However, prior to its disappearance, pinball had a lifespan of approximately 70 years, during which it endured a 34 year ban in many places; having been convicted of being immoral games of chance (Porges, n.d.). Hollywood used it to represent rebels, songs were sung about it, and perhaps, the taboo created made it that much more fascinating to play. Pinball is a coin or token operated, inclined, self standing game which utilizes a plunger, flippers, one to five metal balls, and various obstacles and targets. The object of the game is to use the plunger to shoot a ball into the playing field where there is an assortment of targets. Utilizing flippers, found at the bottom and sides of the field, one maneuvers the ball through random obstacles to yield the most points possible while attempting not to lose the ball. Initially, the original pinball machine, which made its debut in 1931, lacked flippers and legs and was played as a counter top game (Bellis, n.d.). Legs were added soon after debut; however flippers would not make an appearance until 1947, a full ten-years after the bumper (Bellis, n.d.). Due to the lack of flippers, gamers often shook and lifted the game in order to get the ball to go where they wanted it toShow MoreRelatedKey Changes in the Video Game Industry Essays1659 Words   |  7 PagesKey Changes in the Video Game Industry The first wave of home video games was launched nearly 30 years ago. By the early 1980s, this electronic entertainment medium had emerged as a cultural phenomenon, thanks to classics such as Asteroids, Centipede, Donkey Kong, and Pac-Man. The world of video games has, of course, changed drastically since then. For starters, Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony are now the key players in the console industry, having replaced Atari, ColecoRead MoreThe Effect of Online Games on the Filipino Youth1653 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the study The youth of today no longer seem to spend their leisure activities like in the olden days; outdoor games or playing with toys, instead, they spend their free time in their homes, internet cafà ©s or computer shops simply to satisfy their hunger; and that hunger is Online Gaming. Online gaming has such a profound impact on not only the young, but dynamically every age group as well. So far, virtually anyone is able to go on a computer and punch throughRead MoreThe Video Game Market Analysis1538 Words   |  7 PagesThe Xbox One is the most advanced entertainment and video game platform in history. People all over America would line up at the doors at a local Game Stop or Best Buy, spending hours waiting to get a chance to be one of the first owners of this technological masterpiece. The video game market accounts for $70 million in 2013, with console games making up 43 percent of that total. Microsoft has produced some pretty successful gaming systems, such as the original Xbox and the Xbox 360. These consolesRead MoreThe use of computer technology in entertainment1069 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The use of Computer technology in Entertainment. â€Å"The improvements in computer technology over the past decade have made video and audio streaming commonplace, making the computer a sophisticated and powerful entertainment medium† (Haupert, 2012, p.39). The use of computer technology is not limited to business, health, education and manufacturing industries but also widely used in entertainment and arts world. There are so many applications as there are entertainers and artists. 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A fun night out now consists of purely technological components: you begin movie night with an online

The Effects Of Advertising On A Good And A Bad Way Essay

There are various ways in which an organisation can promote its product. Some of them include: personal selling, publicity, advertising and sales promotion. Advertising is one of the most popular methods of product promotion. It is a non-personal communication to current and prospective customers to inform, persuade or convince them to purchase a product. â€Å"It has been favoured by most producers due to its low cost per contact and its ability to influence customers and increase market share† (Marks and Kamins 267). Many organisations have benefited to a great extent in building a brand using advertising. Critics have also pointed out the evils of advertising and have argued that it has more negative effects than its advantages. This essay will discuss and analyse how advertisement affects people in a good and a bad way. â€Å"Advertising has its benefits to the society. In the current era, it has served a major role mostly as a way of educating the public† (Egendorf 324). There are other advantages that accrue to the society when organisations undertake advertising. Some of the benefits of advertising are as discussed. First, advertising is a source of information. Consumers require different goods and services in order to satisfy their needs. To obtain these products, they need information on the right quality, quantity, source and location of the products that they require. â€Å"One of the major roles of advertising in modern society has been to inform the consumer about anShow MoreRelatedEffect Of Advertising On Society Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesTalking about advertising, on the one hand, it is good for its functions, displays, etc.; on the other hand, sometimes it is too good to be true, the way they bring the messages to the consumers which state â€Å"the number one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ . What truly are the miscommunications and how do the viewers react to different types of stimulation among those, are there negative or positive results? 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The advertisements on quitting smoking and how bad they are for you may be effective for older viewers, however many teens and kids are drawn to cigarettes even more because adults are saying it is bad for you and it appeals to their â€Å"bad boy/girl† ideal. Many might argue that forbidding a company from advertising its product is against freedom of speech. This essay will show that the harmful effects of cigarettes will justify dramatic means to prevent people, especially

Walter Rostow’s Linear Development Theory free essay sample

Outline the stages of Walter Rostow’s Linear development theory and discuss the theory’s applicability to the developing world. Introduction: The question of why and how the developing world has since been developing at a relatively low pace has since been interpreted by various perspectives most of which are Euro-centric and highly debatable. A number of theories have since been formulated to explain why the developing countries are lagging behind in terms of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are low. Some theorists such as Todaro and Smith (2009) went the extent of trying to understand why there is always a glaring gap of development between the developed countries and the developing world by formulating the wheels of a cycle thesis. Rostow proposed a clear five stage theory which he believed that for each country to develop it has to pass through sequentially. To Rostow, each stage in economic growth is unique and easily identifiable. He believed that the initial stage is the traditional stage, followed by the Pre-conditions for Take-off stage, then the Take-off stage, Drive to Maturity Stage and finally the High Mass Consumption stage. Though giving a brief explanation in the academia, Rostow failed to highlight the essential pre-conditions of the take-off stage. Moreover, Rostow’s theory does not realize how networked the modern world is, he assumes that for a country to develop it starts from scratch till it develops, not knowing that in some instances it is the developed world that invest in the developing world for the later to develop. This essay shall discuss the applicability of the economic growth model of Walter. W. Rostow (1916-2003) to developing countries. Definitions of terms: Theory: According to Gutsa I, Mutswanga P,and Shumba B, (2010), A theory is an organization of generally accepted interdependent facts, concepts and principles of a phenomenon concerned with explaining what happens and the way it happens and what influence underlies the whole phenomenon. Developing World: These are countries not industrialized and their economies run on the exploitation of their primary resources. Clerk (1995), refers developing world as those countries in process of changing and enabling people to take charge of their own destinies and realize their full potential. Economic Growth: According to Todaro and Smith (2009), economic growth is the expansion of resources available in a society in a way that gives the available people an opportunity to make choices that better their lives. To Gylfason (2000) economic growth is a systematic increase in the available market opportunities and choices. Both definitions give a general impression that economic growth is a development of a society from a state of resource and opportunity scarcity to a state of abundance in which at least everyone in the society should be able to get whatever the goods or services he or she wishes. This essay shall look into Rostow’s growth model and test its applicability and flaws. Walt Rostow’s Linear Development Theory: Traditional society stage: Rostow’s Economic Growth model (1960) holds that all developed countries starts at the lowest level of development termed the Traditional Society Stage (Todaro and Smith, 2009). Rostow believed that all countries in this stage of economic growth exercise primitive production methods which do not require any skill of any rational level. During this stage, the society hinges its life on subsistence activities which yield meager enough for the family. He believed that a society of this stage usually survive on labour intensive agriculture, barter trade, hunting and gathering, and money do not exist in their midst. Personal resources and community resources are allocated by traditional means and methods involving cultural ceremonies, ritualization and involving no legal structures such as deeds. For instance land and property are inherited in ritual ceremonies in which almost every member of the family or the immediate community are invited to witness. Pre-conditions for Take Off: Rostow believed that a progressive community graduates to Transitional Stage; a stage which is less primitive than the previous stage. According to Desai and Potter (2008), it is in this stage that members of the community realize that they really need to expand their productivity far beyond their family consumption and used to reach levels that can feed the whole community. However efforts to increase outputs are choked by the lack of adequate resources and knowhow. The need for resources and knowhow then creates the necessity for specialization and competition among various families. Outwitted families start to constitute the largest portion of the market for those who emerge effective to produce than what their families can consume. Labour, capital, and special services such as transport and communication services demand starts to rise. To Rostow, this is the pre-conditions for economic growth. As incomes, savings and investment grow entrepreneurs emerge and external trade concentrating on primary goods starts to flourish. Take Off: Beardshaw (1995), states that successful stage two of Rostow’s model results in the Take-off stage in which industrialization increases, with workers switching from the agricultural sector where much labour was invested to manufacturing sector where technology and mechanization takes over workforce. Rostow however realized that such growth does not occur equitably. Only a few regions of the country develop industries and other organizations which might employ a certain number of workers especially those from the rural areas. This probably explains the emergence of town and cities in Rostow’s view. Rostow further noted that such growth then warrants policy for organizing and directing development to appropriate areas in a sustainable manner. Drive to Maturity: Todaro and Smith (2009) write, after the Take-off stage comes the Drive to Maturity Stage in which the economy starts to diversify into new areas through technological innovation and need assessment. The economy starts to produce wider range of goods and services. Import fall back as the economy manages to produce sufficient goods and services for the internal and external markets. High Mass Consumption: According to Rostow, the last stage of economic growth is the High Mass Consumption stage in which the economy produces surpluses for its internal and external markets. All forms of industries start to flourish. Consumer durable industries and services sector dominate the market. The above model idealistically outline how communities may transcend from primitive stages to the stage they can produce goods and services enough for their populations (Chystal, 2004). However the model has got a number of flaws related to issues of real life applicability. The model is blindfolded in that, it is serialized yet economies sometimes progress and sometimes regress depending on various manmade and natural variables. In the context of the developing world, economists and developmentalists cannot rely upon this model only unless they are much interested in giving sketchy history of how economies can evolve. Rostow’s model skirted away the importance of the developed world to the development of the developing world. Most of the developing countries are immensely developing due to increased investments by foreign expropriators from the developed world. It is this explanation that accounts for the development of South Africa, Tunisia and Egypt among many other developing countries. In fact one would even want to believe that the listed countries did not clearly transcend through the five stages as proposed by Rostow in his 1960 work. Some developing countries manage to expand their economies through developing effective and networked bilateral and multilateral relations with other countries unlike the proposed course of Rostow. This has saved countries in the Soviet Union, and the Shingling Union. That is why there are regional and international bodies such as the Southern African Development Committee (SADC), European Union (EU) and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) among others. Rostow’s model does not explain the pre-conditions for take-off in a way that can help developing countries to develop their economies. The model just explain the stage as highly visible and overlook the exact conditions that can make an economy boost. Moreover the model highly believes that the five stages appear in visible and separable phases, which is a fallacy. The stages do not appear distinctively as he proposed. For instance, subsistence farming is still being done in almost every developing country even though most of their economies can manufacture goods and commodities. The produces from subsistence farming are now being used to supplement manufactured goods. Services industries have always been there since time immemorial even though they were small scale industries. In the history of many African societies, one may also realize that political and social institutions started sanctioning trade since pre-colonial era (a time equivalent to the traditional stage of Rostow). For instance the Asante people of Western Africa had their unique way of regulating external salt trade even though they had no large scale industries as Rostow thought. Therefore the model cannot be depended on by economic planners in the developing world. Furthermore, Rostow’s model does not explain how the developing world can rebuild their regressive economies. The model assumes that economies keep on developing to the stage whereby they can produce goods and services for high mass consumption. Yet in reality and in the context of many developing countries such as Zimbabwe, economies may enter phases of low output with industries and investors closing down. Rostow did not put this in his work and it becomes a limitation in that most of the developing countries might find the model not adequately addressing their problem of falling economies. This is a clear indication that Rostow’s economic growth model does not apply more easily to developing countries. Rostow’s model has been designed in a way which assumes that all developing countries will develop themselves from subsistence agriculture. It seems as if Rostow overlooked other countries that lie in arid regions such as Botswana and Democratic Republic of Congo. He could not realize that outside the agricultural sector there are also useful economic activities such as mining which can also develop such countries. Rostow overemphasized the need for saving the proceeds of subsistence agriculture for the economy to invest in other sectors such as transport and communication services. All this sounds less informed in that other developing countries especially those at coast, Tanzania-Zanzibar and the traditional Igbo and Yoruba of Nigeria included, developed their economies from transport and communication services linking foreign investors to other African countries. It can therefore follow that using the model as a basis of action for the developing countries can be misleading and never fruitful. Nevertheless, Rostow’s model cannot be totally discredited in that it provides a useful framework for explaining economic history for most of the developing countries. The model partially applies to the pre-colonial era of most developing countries such as Zimbabwe, South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania among many others. These countries pre-colonial era exemplifies the Traditional Stage of Rostow’s model in that they practiced subsistence agriculture in which they used substandard tools which were labour intensive. Such countries practiced barter trade and they did not use monetary resources as the medium of their trade. Much of the economic activities that were carried out in these countries were primarily meant for feeding the family. Conclusion: In a nutshell Walter Rostow (1916-2003) contributed immensely to the discourse of economic history by giving the five stages that he believed each country has to pass through if it is to develop. To him, the process to development starts with the primitive stage called Traditional Society stage, then to Transitional stage, Take-off, Drive to Maturity stage and then the final stage is the High Mass Consumption stage. Little did Rostow knew that economies do not develop in series as he thought. Rostow’s model has got a number of flaws which makes it inapplicable to the developing world. Economies may progress and sometimes fall due to various factors rather than developing in a smooth manner as prescribed by Rostow. His model does not acknowledge that non-agricultural economies can evolve into high mass consumption. Nonetheless, his model is useful as a framework for economic history even though it cannot help in developing effective economic policies. REFERENCE: Beardshaw, J. (1995); Economics; 2nd edition McGraw-Hill; New York. Clerk, J. 1995) Democratising Development: The Role of Voluntary Organisation, London, Earthscan Publications Ltd. Chrystal . M. (2004) Economics; 10th edition Oxford University Press; New York. Desai W and Potter R, S. (2008) The Companion to Development Studies, 2nd edition, Hodder Education ltd UK. Gutsa I, Mutswanga P and Shumba B, (2010) Perspectives in Development Studies, Zimbabwe Open University, Harare GylfasonT. (2000) Principles o f Economics Growth; Oxford University Press; Oxford. Todaro M and Smith S, C. (2009): Economic Development; 10th Edition, Pearson Education limited.

Social Media Narrative Essay Essay Example

Social Media Narrative Essay Essay These are not simply cellular telephones, the open medium through SMS, ms or sound/feature calls and visits, that have gotten to be perpetual yet stylish hand-adornment; actually, messages and interpersonal organizations, the most regularly and too much utilized online medium of resplendence, have been profoundly established in our lives nowadays. The majority of the analysts inferred that: pretty much 60% of all web clients additionally impart through informal communities and more than 85 % of all youngsters have accounts on interpersonal organizations. The vast majority of the specialists have announced online networking as a habit. Various specialists have obviously observed that the impact of social networking destinations can be addictive to the point that our young era just wants to invest a large portion of their time in visiting, offering their premiums and overhauling their late happenings. To put it plainly, as indicated by this group of specialists, social networking systems administration makes individuals live their connections essentially as opposed to really. Yes, online networking has some exceptionally evident negative effects, however it is additionally obvious that it is social networking stage that has compressed all correspondence hindrances by all methods. Yes, social networking has damaged the traditions of social cooperation where feelings, consideration and sentiments were path more than emoticons, loving or emulating patterns and announcement; forever it has opened up better approaches for promoting and commercial that has brought about enormous financial support everywhere throughout the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Narrative Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Narrative Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Narrative Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Regardless of the way that social networking has some negative perspectives, its sure sides are so gainful, from business and monetary perspective, that the negative ones can be ignored. Social networking is presently being considered as the best marking apparatus for upgrading brand mindfulness inside target markets. Insights demonstrate a fast development of Internet clients everywhere throughout the world. More linens invest time on the Internet and in the most recent ten years, 2000-2010, the world has seen a development of up to 450 percent in Internet clients. Backbone has now more than 500 million dynamic clients over the world. Twitter has more than 200 million enrolled clients and Youth has 18 million one of a kind guests consistently and 2 billion feature cuts are seen consistently. Annotated Bibliography Baker, J. (2012). How Students Benefit From using Social Media. Retrieved April 12, 201 3, from http://demonic. Com/201 3/02/how-students-benefit-from-SSI nag- social-media/ This article tosses the light on the significance of social networking or informal communication with the profits to understudy perspective. As per author, understudies win numerous profits from the utilization of online networking as they pick up learning; associate with their companions, offering of their individual pictures and features et cetera. However as per author, the best advantage of online networking for understudies is that picking up of information and offering of scholarly data which are advantageous for them in setting up their assignments. By utilizing the social networking they add to their capacity of evaluating, breaking down, holding and imparting of data which Was not however much as could reasonably be expected without utilization of online networking in their lives. Further they take in the craft of correspondence through social networking. Burg, N. (2013). The Benefits Of Social Media Beyond Marketing. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http:// www. Forbes. Com/sites/capitulations ark/2013/04/01 lath e-benefits-of-social- media-beyond-marketing/ This article talks about the profits of social networking which are not unstrained to marketing as it has numerous different profits for the business or business groups for instance it is extremely strong for the human assets division of the association as the profile of competitors are the best resume at the time of enlistment for new representatives. It is extremely helping for businesspeople in boosting their business volumes as through the utilization of online networking the business power can see the pattern of individuals in the business so they will have the capacity to expand their business exercises in a specific district region or nation. The other and most essential for the associations other than simply advertising as indicated by author it is useful in inner correspondence as there is no requirement for the association to make a different interior correspondence framework in the association or among the diverse bureau of the association. Keywords: Social Media Benefits, Impacts of social media, social media influences marketing techniques Chandler, S. (2013). The Hidden Benefits of Social Media Marketing: Why Your Strategy May Be Working Better Than You Think. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from http://vow. Robes. Com/sites/work-in- progress/2013/03/12/the e-hidden-benefits-of-social-media-marketing-why- your-strategy-may-be-working-better-than-you-think/ This article is about the profits of social networking for the associations which disregarded or still covered up for a few organizations and as indicated by writer these profits can be benefited by the organizations in the event that they receive viable promoting techniques. The concealed profits of marketing in social average are brand distinguished, developing a group for the organization, rehash reservation of the items before targets gatherings of people, change of shopper consideration to the results of the organization by impacting the customer conduct, taking of game changer over contenders and it is a shabby medium for promoting and advertising of items to an extensive variety of clients. As indicated by author social networking is giving the most astounding degree of profitability to the organizations due to its shrouded profits for the organizations. Keywords: benefits of social media for organizations, social media in marketing, social media marketing techniques Jan. Is, T. (2012). Social Not-working: The Perils of Too Much Communication. Retrieved April 12, 201 3, from http://win. Opera. Com/relationships/Negative-Impact-of- Social-Networking-Websites-at-Work This article is about the negative effect of online networking in our lives. As per author, we have numerous companions on social networking sites yet all these are futile and less imperative for us as they couldnt care less about us when we are in inconveniences. So it can be said that we have numerous companions on these sites however surely we have no companions in necessities. Also further the author contends that as we dont have extra time for our companion and long range interpersonal communication encompassing us so we are losing our genuine companions in light of the fact that extreme utilization of social networking destinations. Toward the end the author proposes that we must focus on our genuine companions with whom we can impart our issues and discover arrangements from their recommendations on some tea or espresso. Keywords: social media communication hazards, social media as communication channel, social media usage at workplace Nelson, C. 2013). Negative effects Of social networking. Retrieved April 12, 2013, from HTTPS://research. Yoga. Co. UK/news/201 3/01 /04/negatives;social- networking-young-bruits/ The article composed by Nelson concentrates on the antagonistic effect of online nonworking sites on youthful and high school individuals who are casualty of utilizing these sites all the time. The author clarifies the actualities of negative effect of informal communication by depicting the raw numbers of an overview which was led in the United Kingdom. Author says that 34% of youngsters maturing from 15-25 are leaning wretchedness by survey something on an informal communication site. Further the author clarifies that 39% of young ladies maturing from 16-25 are feeling hopeless which is a direct consequence of review posts on social sites. The author additionally portrays the aftereffect of overview which was directed on the topic Of internet tormenting and through social sites and web buddies. Keywords: social media disadvantages, negative impacts of social media, communication problems in social media Managed, G. W. , Faults D. J. (2009). Social Media: The new hybrid element of the promotion ix. Business Horizons 52: 357-365. The author portrays how social networking can be an approach to accumulate data about the clients. Advanced dialogs have the profit of being smart as in they can record the clients conduct on a particular site by utilizing web systematic devices. By recording and dissecting web examination over the clients Internet conduct on the online networking weapon, it is conceivable to make a guide of the clients inclination. Abridging different experimental studies, the author suggested that social networking offers a suture of ease and free specialized arrangements.