Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Subway Franchise Essay Example For Students

The Subway Franchise Essay The Subway FranchiseThe Subway story started in 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut during the summer of 1965. 17 year old Fred DeLuca was trying to earn enough money to pay for his college tuition by working in a hardware store. He wanted a way to add money to his minimum wage salary. He got the solution at a backyard barbecue in a conversation with a family friend, nuclear physicist Dr. Peter Buck. With a $1000 loan from Buck, DeLuca opened Petes Super Submarine on August 28, 1965. One year later, he opened his second shop so customers would see him expanding and believe that he was successful. In an effort to increase visibility to customers, he shortened the name to Subway and introduced the bright yellow logo. The first Subway franchise opened in Wallingford, Connecticut in 1974. The initial franchise fee is $10,000 for a moderate cost store. By the time you add in the $7,500 leasehold improvements, the $2.500 equipment lease security deposit, the $3,000 operating inventory, and the other costs the total investment for a moderatecost store is roughly $104,500. There is an 8% weekly royalty fee and a 2.5% weekly advertising fee. We will write a custom essay on The Subway Franchise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The franchisee is responsible for the franchise fee, and the leasehold improvements. They also have to lease or purchase equipment, hire the employees, and do the daily operation of the store. The franchisee also has to pay the weekly advertising and royalty fees. The company provides access to proven formulas ; operational systems site evaluation. The company also provides training at headquarters in Connecticut. They give the franchisee an operations manual and provide a representative on site during opening. The company will periodically evaluate the store. They also provide marketing and advertising support. The company helps design the store and tells you what equipment you need. 94% of all franchise owners consider their Subway successful. In 1965 there was one Subway open. In 1990 there were 5,144 and in 1997 there are 13,030. 11,201 of these stores are in the U.S. and 1,203 are in Canada. There are Subway stores in over 50 countries around the world including Australia, England, Costa Rica, Japan, and South Korea. The secret behind each foot long submarine is the bread, freshly baked on the premises daily. Sub way is the first sandwich chain to bake their bread on the premises. In 1990 Subways sales exceeded 1 billion dollars and in 1997 they are expected to exceed 3 billion. Subway has some shops in many untraditional places such as convenience stores, stadiums, hospitals, airports, and truck stops. Subway has been named the #1 franchise for ten years in a row by Entrepreneur magazine.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Biological and Chemical Warfare essays

Biological and Chemical Warfare essays The use of biotechnology could send our world back to the death and despair of the dark ages. There have been efforts to have a global ban on this type of warfare, but as long as there are terrorists, this type of warfare will continue to be their primary use of these destructive chemicals. Although biological and chemical weapons are similar in some ways, they also differ. They both have extreme effects, those contaminated by them need to take precaution against disease. The information needed to manufacture biological and chemical weapons is widely known and can be obtained easily through the Internet, medical journals, or by any ordinary book from the library. Any country, even with a small pharmaceutical industry can produce biological and chemical weapons easily and cheaply. Biological agents can be produced using flasks or fomenters such as those in making beer. Strains of viruses and bacteria can be ordered through the mail from laboratory supply houses, can be cultivated in living animals, or removed from dead animals. Although chemical and biological agents are easily available, it takes knowledge and planning to turn them into destructive weapons. Chemical weapons can be used against people through acts of terrorism. Anthrax is a common weapon used by terrorists. Less that a thimbleful dispersed in the air could potentially kill hundreds of people. Terrorists use these acts or threats in attempt to accomplish their own political, religious, or other goals. Biological agents can also cause diseases through bacteria in food. In spite of possible bomb threats, polls show that Americans are more concerned about biological and chemical attacks. Biological weapons are a lot older than we think and some are centuries old. More than 20 million people died between 1918 and 1919 during an influenza epidemic that spread around the world. Since 1981 the HSU virus has infected more than 29 million and ki...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Why is child obesity on the rise Research Paper

Why is child obesity on the rise - Research Paper Example BMI is a measurement that compares a person’s weight and height. Children suffering from obesity experience medical and psychological effects. Children suffering from obesity are more likely to suffer from type II diabetes, heart diseases, sleep apnea, pancreatic complications, asthma and liver problems. Obese children may suffer from depression, low self esteem and emotional eating. Medical and psychological problems may interfere with academic progress as well as successful transition of children from childhood to adulthood. Furthermore, parents or guardians of obese children spent a lot of money to treat illness associated with obesity. It is because of the above reasons that World Health Organization has declared obesity as a public health global epidemic that must be contained. The number of children suffering from obesity in Central Valley of California is increasing. According to the research conducted by The Central Valley Health Policy Institute at California State Un iversity, obesity in the valley is higher than average obesity rates in the whole of California. The prevalence rate of children suffering from obesity in Central valley has more than tripled in the recent times. According to Rivera (2005), Central Valley has the highest percentage of overweight children at 42 percent. Increased rates of obesity in the Central Valley is attributed to higher levels of poverty, limited access to healthy food and reduced opportunities for physical activities. There are various interventions that have been made by schools, department of health and community based organization to reduce the incidence of obesity in children. The interventions include increased provision of vegetables and fruits as well as increased physical activities in children among others. These interventions must be increased in scope and intensity to be more effective to reduce psychological, medical and economic challenges that will interfere with children, parents and community at large. 2.0 Historical Context World Health Organization claimed that obesity is leading cause of preventable death as well as disability globally. Obesity is also linked with increasing number of chronic diseases. Obesity was rare before twentieth century. World Health organization recognized obesity as a global epidemic in 1997. In 2005, World Health Organization estimated that about four hundred million adults were obese. This is about 9.8 percent of the global adult population. Obesity rates increases as people get older. Obesity rates are severe with people above fifty years in the United States, Canada and Australia. However, more children are diagnosed with obesity each passing day. Obesity is a medical condition where a child accumulates excess fats in the body. Obese children are overweight with body mass index above 30. According to WHO (2004), Body Mass Index (BMI) indicate weather a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. A child is underweight if BMI is less than 18.50, normal weight BMI is between 18.50 - 24.99, overweight BMI is 25.00 - 29.99 and obese children have BMI of 30.00 and above (refer to table 1). Obesity is a serious health issue because it causes untold suffering to the children and increases the cost of treatment. Ogden et al (20101) revealed that preschool children between two and five years suffering from obesity increased from 5 percent to 10.4 percent from 1980 to 2008.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

None - Essay Example The product offers a fast and convenient way of making a tea latte at home or office. Therefore, marketing Ms. Latte is supposed to create a distinct perception in the customers mind that it is a product meant to save time and money. The cost of a product determines its positioning in the market. During the implementation stage, the first rollout package will be positioned among medium income earners. This is because this market segment represents the largest population. In addition, the medium income earners are likely to perceive a tea latte as a basic necessity because of their busy lifestyles and the need to spend little money on living. The rich people may afford to order a latte from Starbucks whenever they want but the medium income earners want to run a busy lifestyle, save on living cost and still be able to use modern equipment such as Ms. Latte. Therefore, Ms. Latte will be positioned as an affordable product. However, after spending time on the market, the product can be developed further and differentiated into two models, an expensive for high-income earners and a basic one for low-income earners. The overarching gap in the market of Latte products is availability of time-saving latte product. Therefore, the primary attribute we would want the customer to see in Ms. Latte is the â€Å"time saving† attribute of this product. Marketing campaigns would actually need to focus more on the time saving aspect of the product. Positioning Ms. Latte within this context will make the product appealing to busy lifestyle populations especially in large cities and towns. However, this time attribute will need to be matched with the freedom attribute as well. It is not possible to dictate in a coffee shop, the amount or type of milk, sugar or other ingredients when ordering a latte. However, with Ms. Latte it is possible to alter all the ingredients depending on personal’s tastes and preferences. This gives freedom of taste

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Working in the Sport Sector Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Working in the Sport Sector - Coursework Example For that, the individual must determine his/her career goal in the beginning and strive to attain the goal through planning and implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to look upon how one can determine a career goal, develop a plan and strategies to achieve the goal and keep oneself ahead in the dynamic environment of job market. The present work discusses and exhibits the basic issues on career planning and development in detail and how one is able to develop a career plan who wish to attain a job in the sports sector. One can prepare for a career in a variety of ways. Some careers are normally entered through an apprenticeship, vocational school, or on-the-job training program. Others require either a four-year or five-year college degree. One should know the educational requirements for his chosen career; where are the appropriate schools located What are the entrance requirements How long is the training Such information can be had from the official websites of governmental and non-governmental agencies. Other helpful resources include College Souvenirs, news papers and sources such as Sports Council/Development authorities/Clubs etc. The job openings in a given field generally depend on a number of factors, especially the rate of growth or decline in the field, the need to replace workers who retire and changes in technology, societal factors. Each year a number of new jobs open up. Some of them are expected to grow faster than the average; some are expected to grow more slowly than the average. Therefore, everyone should keep in mind that his/her own career outlook involves a number of factors like the unusual opportunities available to him/her, his/her special abilities and experience, and especially his/her personal drive. Sometimes, it may be difficult to change career goals for many reasons. However, one should weigh the short-term losses with the long-term goals. If he/she realizes that a small sacrifice now may greatly increase his career satisfaction for the rest of his life, he should go for a change. In the US, roughly one worker in nine changes his or her career each year. In most cases, the positive gains far outweigh the costs involved, for there is nothing to compare with really enjoying what one does in life, and being paid for it as well. Career Development Career development is the formal way of planning one's career and its development over a period of time to attain the career goal. It involves the determination of different career moves along the career path in order to achieve the career goal. "Career development is about your individual career path - planning ahead in your career, identifying your next and future moves, working out if there are any gaps in your existing skills and experience, and finding ways to fill these so that you can achieve your career aims, but also enjoy your work and find the right balance between your life and career" (Career Development, para2) How to prepare a Career Development Plan Create a career development plan to articulate your SMART goals and plan concrete steps to achieve them. 1. Reflect on your career Reread past performance reviews, talk with your supervisor about your strengths, skills and interests and use the following questions to help you get started. Where are you in your career Are

Friday, November 15, 2019

The effects of teenage acne on the individual’ psyche

The effects of teenage acne on the individual’ psyche Adolescence, from the Latin word adolescere means to grow up. Adolescence is the period of life where teenagers will undergo puberty, which is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood that involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes (yan yans adolescence). During puberty, teenagers experience a rapid physical growth and psychological changes due to a surge in hormone production. Examples of the effects on puberty on teenagers are development of facial and genital hair, development of breast in girls and changes in voice in boys. The development tasks of teenagers during puberty also include developing a sense of identity and self-worth, and hence, teenage acne has a high potential to cause adverse psychological and societal effects on teenagers (5). In this essay, the focus will be on the psychological and societal impact of teenage acne developed during puberty on teenager. Acne vulgaris, also known as acne, pimple or zit, is very common in teenagers, over 90% of males and 80% of females will be affected by the age of 21 years [1](1). Teenage acne is a skin disorder results from the action of androgen, a male sex hormone released during puberty. Male sex hormone is not only found in men but also found in lesser amount in women. Therefore, both male and female teenagers have the tendency to suffer from teenage acne. The hormone causes the sebaceous gland on the skin to secrets sebum, an oily substance on skin. Sebum is then secreted onto the skin surface via the hair follicles opening. Mixture of oil and cells allows the growth of bacteria in the follicle openings. When the growth of bacteria happens, pore of skin will become clogged, inflammation may occur, and acne is developed. [2](web2) Teenage acne commonly appears on the face and the back, but it is also possible to have acne on the chest, arms, buttocks, groin and armpit area. Basically, acne can be formed at anywhere where there are the presence of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Apart from being the largest organ of the body, skin has long been recognised as the organ of expression and communication. Skin serves as the boundary between ourselves and the outside world [3](Sack, pg1). Skin can react to physiological stimuli such as rash caused by allergies and also react to psychological stimuli such as blushing when feel embarrassed [5](van moffaert pg1). Skin is like a mirror to reflects our soul. A healthy skin, like a healthy soul, is essential for individual physical and psychological well-being and self-confidence [4](2). During adolescence, teenage tend to be more concern about their appearance and the judgment of their peers. As appearance and conformity are warmly valued by teenagers, therefore when a teenager suffers from acne, they may feel socially devalued and repelled by their peers.[6](web1). Due to the fact that adolescence is a point of increase in sensitivity, where they are exuberant and want to look the best. Therefore, even mild acne will produce significant psychosocial impact to a teenager. Being in a society that emphasises greatly on appearance, teenage acne sufferers often feel uncomfortable and embarrassed (web 3). Generally, people will perceive that formation of acne is due to the lack of personal hygiene. Others tend to judge a person according to their physical appearance, this will cause harmful effects on a teenage acne sufferers self-esteem. Teenagers with acne will have lower self-esteem as they have no confidence about themselves and constantly worry about their skin (4). As teenagers are more self-conscious about their appearance, they may felt guilty and shameful as they think that they are responsible for their skin conditions. Teenagers may have a tough time socialising normally, and have trouble making eye contact as they feel ashamed of their appearance. Hence, teenagers may withdraw themselves from the society as they do not want to be judged or to be commented on their skin conditions. An example of social withdrawal is a teenage girl may be so self -conscious of her appearance that she refused to be in the family pictures during a reunion outing. (web1) A study was conducted on teenagers in New Zealand to examine the association between acne and depressive symptoms, anxiety and suicidal behaviours. The study shows that teenagers presenting with teenage acne are at increased risk of depression, anxiety and suicide attempts.(5) Further studies show that formation of acne and mental health are interrelated. Stress, depression and anxiety could increase the severity of acne. Acne condition of patient having depression improves after treatment.(5) On the other hand, acne could lead to depression and anxiety on teenagers. This is due to the negative self image, lower self-esteem and social withdrawal of teenage acne sufferers. However, it was found that girls had higher level of anxiety and depression than boys(6). This can explain that the effects of acne on the body image may be more important for teenage girls, and teenage girls are more vulnerable to the negative psychological effects of acne.(6) All these negative psychological effec ts may exert too much pressure on teenagers and leads to suicidal attempts when teenagers failed to seek treatment to cope with it. Besides psychological impact, acne also causes societal effects on teenagers. Teenage acne sufferers find themselves hard to make new friends because of their own view on their skins appearance, as they believed that most people will judge others according to their physical appearances. Moreover, lower self-esteem and being embarrassed with their skin conditions also making it hard for teenagers to make new friends. At late adolescence, teenagers tend look for or to be involved in intimate relationships. However, physical appearances are often linked to sexual attractiveness. Therefore, teenage acne sufferers will find themselves ugly and not attractive enough. As a result, teenage acne sufferers will have decrease in confidence around opposite sex. Other than the emotional effects of teenagers, teenage acne sufferers may be bullied and teased by their peers in school (4). They may be called insulting names such as bumpy face and walking human zits by others. Because of all these bul lying that happened in school, teenage ace sufferers may refused to attend school as they does not enjoy school and hated it when being bullied by others. Therefore, acne will affect teenagers education as they will be skipping school very often to avoid being bullied. As acne may also presence on teenagers body other than on the face. Teenagers may not want to participate in sports as they would feel vulnerable because they have to expose their face or their upper body where acne is presence (web 4). Sports that required them to expose some portion of body such as gym class and swimming would be a problem for teenage acne sufferers. (web1) The look they get from their peers in school makes teenagers feel so socially insecure that some of them will fake injuries to avoid going to gym class. (web 4) Teenage girls may use cosmetics such as foundations and concealer to cover up their acne problem, at the same time, gives them a slight increase in self-confidence. Even though cosmetics may spread and worsen their acne conditions, teenage girls will still prefer to use cosmetics to veil their acne when they are in contact with others or doing sports due to their low self-esteem. On the other hand, teenage boys may feel at a disadvantage compared to teen age girls as boys have no ways to conceal their acne problem. Therefore, acne will have a bigger impact on teenage boys compared to teenage girls as they are lack of the aid of cosmetics to increase their self-confidence and self-esteem. There are some tips to prevent and control acne. Do not over wash or use harsh scrubs on skin as acne is not caused by dirt. Too much cleaning can leave skin dry and irritated, which then triggers glands to produce more sebum that will increase the formation of acne. Besides, use oil-free or non-comedogenic products on face as these products will not clog the pores on skin. Lastly, do not squeeze or pick acne. Squeezing and picking acne can drive acne bacteria deeper into skin and leads to more inflammations as well as permanent scarring on skin (web2). The cruelest truth about acne is that the more you think and worry about it, the more outbreaks of acne occurs. (web5) The pursuit for flawless skin will be really exhausting for teenagers and may cause them to lose interest in their studies. Parents play an important role in supporting teenagers when they are suffering from the psychosocial effects caused by teenage acne. If parents are not supportive enough, it will be very difficult for teenagers to overcome the emotional difficulties they are facing. Parents should be thoughtful and should not blame their children for the outbreaks of acne, saying that it is their daily diet and activities that is causing their acne. Besides supporting teenagers emotionally, parents can give support by taking teenagers to a dermatologist as dermatologist can help to reduce the outbreaks of acne which will then give some peace of mind to teenagers. Besides dermatologist, a psychologist or a counsellor is helpful to counsel teenagers with psycholog ical problems and relieve them from stress and tensions. Apart from relieving stress, they are able to help teenagers to build up their self-esteem and face the world with more confidence. Generally, teenagers suffer from acne have higher sense of awareness with their bodies and appearances. This causes them to have difficulties to comply with the social standards and hence causes them to be under tremendous pressure. This pressure will leads to psychosocial effects in teenagers such as depression, a decreased sense of body image and self-esteem, sexual and relationship difficulties, and a general reduction in quality of life. (pg 6) However, teenagers should understand that having flawless skin is not a crucial thing in life and real beauty should actually come from within (web6). Therefore, teenagers should focus on living life to the fullest instead of being too concern about their appearances. 1. http://www.acnereplies.com/acne_affects_a_teenager_s_psyche.html 2. http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/teenage-acne 3. http://acne.about.com/od/livingwithacne/a/effectsofacne.htm 4. http://www.articlealley.com/article_637472_23.html 5. http://www.4acnecure.com/articles/acne-and-psychological-problems

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Relationships in The Storm, The Yellow Wallpaper and Young Goodman Brow

  Because writing is inherently romantic in nature, throughout the history of literature, we see many authors' insights into the enigmatic and often ambiguous subject of love and relationships. Three short stories penned by three separate American writers deal with such matter: Charlotte Perkins Gillman in "The Yellow Wallpaper", Kate Chopin in "The Storm", and Nathaniel Hawthorne in "Young Goodman Brown." Though the relationships presented in each of these stories are unique in their own persuasion, the same underlying theme runs true in all. At first glance all of these relationships may appear healthy in their existence; however, further introspection uncovers specific maladies which I believe elicit much of the discord which arises within each of these writings. All of the husbands in the aforementioned short stories evoke, though some more subtly than others, varying degrees of conflict. Gillman's "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a story pertaining to, and narrated by, a women suffering from depression after the recent birth of a child. Although the name of the women in the story is never revealed, many believe this is short story is an excerpt from the author's life. Much of the setting of the story takes place in an aging mansion recently inhabited by the narrator and John, the narrator's husband. Due to her affliction and under strict instruction of her husband John, who is also a physician, the narrator is sentenced to bed rest in one of the upper rooms of the house. The walls of the room in which the narrator is forced to occupy, are enveloped with decrepit yellow wallpaper displaying an irksome pattern which, coupled with the ennui of doing nothing, works in a maleficent manner on the mental sanctity of the narrator. The ... ...horne suggests in his writing that Brown fell victim to the latter. "Often, awakening suddenly at midnight,", Hawthorne says of Goodman Brown, "he shrank from the bosom of Faith; and at morning or eventide, when the family knelt down at prayer, he scowled and muttered to himself, and gazed sternly at his wife, and turned a Many, I am sure, could interpret or acquisition other sources of conflict for each of the three given stories, as could I. However, I have shown that the ultimate inception of discord must be attributed to the husbands in these stories. Though with varying degrees of distinctness, John's inability to truly understand his wife's needs in "The Yellow Wallpaper", Bobinot's apathy towards Calixta in "The Storm", and Brown's want of faith in "Young Goodman Brown", each act as the kindling used to incite the flame of conflict within these writings.   

Sunday, November 10, 2019

A Borderless World Does Not Preclude the Idea of a Home

A Borderless World Does Not Preclude the Idea of a Home The speech given by Patricia Evangelista was mainly about nationalism. According to her, a borderless world does not preclude or rule out one’s idea of a home. It is about being proud and appreciating our own country and appreciating even ourselves. A â€Å"borderless world† refers to an open world which can bring influences upon people. It may bring about changes in their culture, beliefs, traditions and others. There are many reasons why people, especially Filipinos, migrate to other countries. One of them is poverty. Most Filipinos think that if they go to other countries, they will have a happy and comfortable life. Many Filipinos are working abroad instead of working in the Philippines, their own country. There are a lot of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) especially in the Middle East. There are also others serving as domestic helpers, care givers, nurses, etc. The main cause for this is probably because the salary offered in other countries is higher compared to that in the Philippines. In spite of these, there are also Filipinos who became successful in other countries that are still here in the Philippines. Some may have been famous in the field of science and sports. Others may have been popular singers and actors or actresses. I was just like the speaker when I was little. I usually imagine myself being white and blonde; similar to what I see when I watch the television. While I grow older, I slowly learned to appreciate and be contented of myself. I also learned to love and be used of the country’s traditions and beliefs. I am proud to be a Filipino, and I am a true Filipino at heart.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Interesting structure The crucible Essays

Interesting structure The crucible Essays Interesting structure The crucible Paper Interesting structure The crucible Paper Essay Topic: Interesting The crucible has a very interesting structure, as in it doesnt follow many of the usual rules of play writing and uses it to maximum effect. The play consists of four acts and no scenes to separate them. This is unusual for a play write to do because it limits the acts location two one place, meaning that the story can not develop in a different place or time which can limit what someone can do with the plot The whole of the play is a subtext for what was going on at the time in 1940s America. To more precise what was happening with the red scare and general Joseph McCarthy. General McCarthy was behind the fight against communism within America. In the end he decided to start broadcasting to America a list of communists living in America at the time. Of course no such list existed and it was obviously just the names of random people living America that had nothing to do with communism in any way what so ever. This however caused mass hysteria and turned an entire nation against itself and pitted friends and neighbours against each other as everyone hunted for the communists like a mad witch hunt. Arthur Miller was using the subtext to show how obsurd the idea of mass hysteria based on a lie really was. The main thing that distinguishes the plays structure from others is the way in which it ends on an anti climax. As we can see in the graph the first three acts build up to a gigantic climax. But then suddenly the audience is left with a very short and depressing act four in which nothing much happens in terms of climax. On might interpret this as the play wrights way of getting across his message about McCarthyism. If people were left with a happy ending the audience may not have been so shocked by the play that it would make them think because everything turned out ok in the end and wouldnt have communicated the shocking truth about McCarthyism at the time. I believe that having the play leave on an anticlimax and pretty much on a down communicates the views a lot clearer During The Crucible pace is used as a technique to creating tension. Throughout Act 1, the action is immediate and there is a constant flow of different people being introduced. By placing this within a small room, Miller gives the feeling of the characters being suffocated and a lack of privacy in the village. By using this with Act 2 (for the first half there is only Elizabeth and John), Miller is able to create tension through the amount of space in the set, in comparison to the previous act, and through a slower dialogue. During The Crucible pace is used as a technique to creating tension. Throughout Act 1, the action is immediate and there is a constant flow of different people being introduced. By placing this within a small room, Miller gives the feeling of the characters being suffocated and a lack of privacy in the village. By using this with Act 2 (for the first half there is only Elizabeth and John), Miller is able to create tension through the amount of space in the set, in comparison to the previous act, and through a slower dialogue. Miller structures the play using prevalent techniques. There is a clear exposition at the beginning of Act 1, although it occurred off scene, the girls dance in the forest. The different themes are developed and the use of the rising of action through the accusations helps the plot to grow up to a gigantic climax when John Proctor is accused at the end of Act 3. The falling action and denouement is the actual execution where John Proctor upholds his innocence and goes to the gallows at the end of Act 4. Miller uses these techniques to help create conflict to arouse the interest of the audience and an easy structure for the audience to follow. Arthur Miller uses inserted passages within the text in which he comments on the background of the story or the characters which helps the audience to get a deeper insight into the characters so they can be related to. For example, The backgrounds to Thomas Putnam makes his actions seem more horrendous which ultimately the final result of the play seem more brutal.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Essays

Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Essays Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Paper Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Paper Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Infrared Light Infrared light is a form of electromagnetic radiation whose wavelengths are longer compared to visible light. The electromagnetic spectrum exhibits a vast range of wavelengths spanning from highly energetic gamma rays and short wavelengths to low-energy radio waves and long wavelengths. The visibility of this spectrum is extremely small. Infrared light is similar to normal light only that it has a longer wavelength thus making it impossible to see with the naked eye (White 42). The range of infrared wavelengths corresponds to an approximate frequency range of 430 THz to 300GHz. It also includes the thermal radiation given off by objects at room temperature. Infrared light is absorbed or emitted by molecules whenever they alter their vibrational-rotational movements. William Herschel discovered infrared radiation in the year 1800. He was performing a study on the heating effect of different light colors. The different colors of light were produced by a passing normal light through a prism. In his study, Herschel noted that the strength of the heat increased as he progressed from the blue end to the red end of the spectrum. He presented his results in London and called the red light ‘Calorific rays’. The term ‘infrared’ was adopted later in the 19th century (Read 32). Primarily, infrared is divided into three distinct spectrums. These include far infrared, mid infrared and near infrared. The division of infrared light on this basis depends on the wavelength. However, these divisions are not precise since they vary depending on the publisher. These divisions are used to observe temperature ranges in environments such as space. They are justified by the different responses humans have on radiation. In this case, near infrared exhibits radiation with the closest wavelength. This makes it visible to the human eye. Far and mid infrared categories, lie further away from the visual spectrum. Unfortunately, there are no international standards for such specifications. The boundary separating infrared light from visible light is not defined clearly. The sensitivity of the human eye is not designed to detect light with a wavelength above 700nm (White 64). Therefore, light with longer wavelengths does not make significant contributions to scenarios illuminat ed by common sources of light. Since its discovery, infrared light has proven useful in a number of fields. For example, infrared is used to facilitate night vision. Night vision devices function by converting ambient light photons into visible light. Additionally, infrared light can also be used in determining the temperature of objects through a process known as thermography. Thermography is mainly applied in industrial and military applications (Read 64). However, this technology is making its way into the public through infrared cameras, due to the reduced cost of productions. Since all objects emit infrared radiation based on their temperatures, thermography is used to have a clear picture of the environment regardless of whether there is visible illumination or not. Infrared homing or infrared tracking refers to a missile guiding system that tracks a target using its electromagnetic spectrum. Missiles that use this infrared technology are coined the term ‘heat seekers’. Many objects such as vehicle engines, aircrafts and people produce and retain heat. This heat can then be tracked using infrared technology. Additionally, infrared radiation can be used as a source of heat. One advantage of this is that the technology is used to create infrared saunas used to treat chronic health illnesses such as arthritis, congestive heart failure and high blood pressure. This technology is also used to thaw ice on aircraft wings. Infrared radiation is also becoming popular in safe heating therapy for physiotherapy and natural health. Additionally, heat from infrared radiation can be used in cooking. Primarily, infrared heaters include three parts, a heat exchanger, infrared bulbs, and a fan for blowing air into the exchanger for heat dispersion. Indeed, the discovery of infrared radiation has led to significant breakthroughs that have benefited humanity. However, this form of electromagnetic radiation has several disadvantages. For example, when this radiation is used in certain settings such as high heat industrial locations, it becomes a health hazard to the user’s eyes thus causing damage or blindness. Another disadvantage is that it has short-range transmission compared to other forms of transmission. Other than having short-range transmission, the transmission of infrared radiation is slow compared to wired transmission. Furthermore, all infrared signals can be interrupted by foreign materials when they are in the path of the transmission. Such materials may include people and walls. Ultraviolet Light Ultraviolet light or UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a short wavelength compared to visible light. However, its wavelength is longer than that of X-rays. Similar to infrared light, ultraviolet light cannot be detected by the human eye due to its long wavelength. Blunt (18) argues that this form of radiation bears increased energy compared to visible light. It is capable of breaking bonds between molecules and atoms and altering the chemical composition of materials. UV light can also cause fluorescence in certain substances. This means that it causes certain materials to emit visible light. UV light, present in sunlight, is beneficial since it kills microorganisms and acts as a source of vitamin D. Even though UV light is not visible, we are aware of it through certain effects such as sunburn or suntan. With the sun acting as a major source of UV light, the ozone layer plays a vital role in blocking most of this light (97%) that would otherwise prove harmful to organisms if it gained access into the atmosphere (Blunt 37). The 3% that penetrates the atmosphere is not particularly harmful, although it can cause cancer and long-term damage to the skin. Primarily, the sun is a source of all categories of UV light such as UV-A and UV-B. The discovery of this radiation is associated with the phenomenon that silver salts become dark when exposed to light. Johann Ritter in 1801 observed that invisible light, after the violet end of visible light, darkened paper soaked in silver chloride. Initially, he named these rays â€Å"oxidizing rays† to differentiate them from heat rays (infrared) discovered in the previous year and to emphasize chemical reactivity. The terms â€Å"heat rays† and â€Å"chemical rays† were used to describe these rays throughout the nineteenth century, but they were later dropped for infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation respectively (Read 32). UV light, UV-B in particular, benefits humans by allowing the manufacture of vitamin D. This is achieved by the conversion of skin chemicals into the sub-form of the vitamin, and then into the vitamin itself. This vitamin is beneficial to human health. Lack of this vitamin leads to immunity disorders, various cancers, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases (Blunt 76). Severe lack of this vitamin causes bone diseases referred to as rickets. Inadequate supply of sunlight is the prime cause of the vitamin’s deficiency. UV light is also used in the technology of fluorescent lamps that apply the fluorescence phenomenon (Read 81). Most fluorescent lamps use UV light as their energy source to ionize mercury vapor. A special fluorescent coating absorbs this ionized vapor to produce visible light. Zoologists and biologists use ultraviolet light to take night surveys on organisms in the field. UV light is also used as insect traps. Since insects are naturally attracted to UV light, entomologists use it to attract them for studies. UV fluorescence is also used in parties and nightclubs by causing clothing to glow and make it appealing. Astronomers also use UV light in mapping galaxies such as the Milky Way. This allows them to make out the evolution of galaxies over time. Primarily, young stars emit more ultraviolet radiation compared to older stars. They also emit UV light at a higher proportion at the furthest end of the spectrum. Regions where new stars are born, therefore, produce a brighter UV glow. Astronomers use this knowledge to identify and map such regions. Despite the numerous benefits UV radiation provides humanity, it also has disadvantages. The ability of UV light to change the chemical composition is harmful. As UV light causes minor skin irritations such as sunburn, radiation that is more energetic, can lead to premature skin aging (Blunt 97). It can also lead to alterations of the DNA that can eventually cause skin cancer. Furthermore, overexposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to produce a pigment known as melanin. Melanin is harmful to the skin and can lead to cancers such as melanoma. Blunt, Katharine. Ultraviolet Light. Chicago, Ill: The University of Chicago press, 2011. Print. Read, F H. Electromagnetic Radiation. Chichester [Eng.: J. Wiley, 2010. Print. White, Laurie. Infrared Radiation. Amherst, N.Y: Amherst Media, 2009. Print.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Project and Change Management Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project and Change Management Exam - Assignment Example In the Denver airport case, there were no alternative options that were initially considered. It was only after the failure of the automated baggage system when they started looking for other options. In terms of finances, expensive means of finance were used to raise the needed money for additional costs.2 2. In the ERP implementation at Bombardier Aerospace, insufficient planning, insufficient risk assessment, overestimated savings on new methods and switching tools in the middle of the project are some of the project classic mistakes that became evident. 3. The automated baggage system was a huge project, which required good estimations in terms of time and finances. To avoid poor estimation, the project should have been broken down into manageable phases.3 The classic mistake of insufficient risk assessment could have been avoided by engaging a risk officer who advises the company on risk measures and procedures. The risk of contractor failure could have been identified and mitigated. The project leaders should have involved and educated all the stakeholders and prevent conflicts and litigation against the organization. United Airlines, a major stakeholder, should have been involved at the start of the project so as to avoid future risks of litigation when the project is abandoned. 5. The project should have been re-assessed regularly to check if it is still valid. Most projects arise due to excitement and group enthusiasm which fades away as time goes by. Exit champions are the best in doing such re-assessments; they challenge the project based on realistic data. If new members were introduced to the Denver airport project, it would have been challenged and stopped much earlier. It ended up taking too long with no success at last because of involving the same people again and again.4 It is also suggested that control

Friday, November 1, 2019

How does Hobbes believe that a science of politics is possible Essay

How does Hobbes believe that a science of politics is possible - Essay Example The same would apply in ensuring maintenance of peace and avoiding civil conflict. Hobbes’ science of politics carries scientific proofs leading to such a conclusion. It is not possible to exaggerate the philosophical importance of Hobbes because of the geometric proof entailed in his political argument. Francis Bacon appears to influence the process followed by Thomas Hobbes in formulating his science of politics. The geometric methodology is pronounced in the political philosophy compared to how he treats the laws of nature. Following the provision of quick definitions and conclusions that come in a series, an unfathomable logical consistency emerges relating to prudential results. The author defines the laws of nature as realistic precepts guiding people to the state of peace. To begin with, each person needs to seek peace with other people in the world. The only exemption is when the others do not have an interest in peace. However, the peace seeker should invoke helps of war. According to Hobbes, the first law of nature of seeking peace has two subdivisions. The first category supports a state of peace by making it mandatory for people to fulfil the desire for self-preservation. On the other hand, the law appreciates the fact that coexisting peacefully calls for reciprocity. Chances of establishing peace become slim if only one party takes the responsibility. This aspect led t the formulation of the second part of the first law. The aim was to have an all-round law accommodating possible situations. Te second part asks the peace seeker to use violent means to survive if others do not want to cooperate. Already, people retain personal rights to determine what can help them survive. Continued existence of the right is the main source of war and other forms of conflict (Sorell 53). Therefore, attainment of peace requires people to