Research On Professionals For Community Colleges - 2526 Words

Research on Professionals in Community Colleges Dustin O’Donnell HPT 484 July 21, 2015 Abstract This paper searches how professionals in two-year universities work and how they accomplish the mission in a community college. This paper examines different aspects of the faculty to how they are hired, competitiveness, promotions, benefits, demographics, workloads, challenges, and teaching. The research was found through online sources, a personal interview, and textbooks. Different forms of faculty in the community colleges should be studied to fully comprehend how they impact students and the college itself. The findings show how the staff operates, levels of work they do, and the gratification for these professionals. Community colleges are at a growing rate, and the faculty members who work in them will be reviewed and explained. Research on Professionals in Community Colleges Introduction Every community college plans for success by creating a vision and mission. The vision is the long-term goals of the college, and the mission is the work put in to attain that vision. The faculty completes the work that is put in everyday and is the most important piece in the college. To meet the vision of post-secondary educational success, the college will need professionals of the highest quality. For this reason, numerous studies have been done on the staff that fills the community colleges and how they are the core group that makes the college what it is. The facultyShow MoreRelatedFaculty Professionalism, Respect, And Trust1359 Words   |  6 PagesProgram Director of Music at Dawson Community College Dr. Deb Eastwood Faculty Professionalism, Respect, and Trust - Why I am interested? I believe that as a faculty member I am here to promote and encourage our students as well as the faculty. When we are professional, we earn the respect and trust of our colleagues. 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Edgar Allan Poe’S, “The Tell Tale Heart” Was Written In

Edgar Allan Poe’s, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† was written in a time period where mental illnesses were principally misunderstood, if not completely non-acknowledged. Which mean’t that his short story drew quite a response from readers. Not only did the disturbing details throughout the story shock readers, but it also delivered new insight into the mind of an individual with a mental illness. Creating the larger sense of understanding today’s society now has on these mental illnesses. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, the narrator displays a combination of symptoms that allow us to diagnose them with a mental illness. This mental illness being schizophrenia and possibly OCD. We can assume that since there are apparent symptoms of these two illnesses†¦show more content†¦Instead he feels it is a very noteworthy trait. The narrators driving force for committing the crime was the old man’s vulture-like eye, â€Å"whenever if fell upon me, my blood ran cold.†(par 2) His obsession with the old man’s eye was interfering with his day to day life, â€Å"it haunted me day and night†(par 2) and he could no longer rid himself of his compulsive thoughts. The narrator’s obsession with the eye had removed all sense of reality and humanity. He could find no other reason for killing the old man besides his extreme dislike for his pale blue eye, â€Å"I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult† (par 2).He failed to view the old man as a person, instead could only be reminded but his vexing eye. The narrator becomes extremely obsessed with the old man’s eye, so obsessed that he can no longer ignore it , so he makes his decision to kill the old man to rid himself of the eye. This strong obsession seems to be a symptom of OCD, â€Å"a person gets caught in a cycle of obsessions and compulsions so extreme that it gets in the way†(What Are Common Obsessions). It consumes him so entirely, he can no longer follow rules of the law. The narrator goes on to talk about how wisely he proceeded when stalking the old man, â€Å"it took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him in his bed† (par 3).The amount of caution and patience he practiced during thisShow MoreRelatedInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe908 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence That Endures Ever More: Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† Edgar Allan Poe was one of the most influential people in literary history and his words had the great power to impress the mind. 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Almighty Defenders †The Almighty Defenders free essay sample

The Almighty Defenders are a new band featuring Black Lips and the King Khan BBQ Show. This group is heavy on the monstrosities, light on the folk. After Black Lips disastrous tour of India last January (they angered many with their notorious onstage behavior), they met up with fellow garage-punks King Khan and Mark â€Å"BBQ† Sultan to record half an hours worth of post-modern gospel rock. Well, of course. Though the gospel label may put off those expecting a somewhat greasier product from the reigning kings of garage sleaze, the Defenders are setting out as prophets of funk more than anything – â€Å"holy† hardly describes the Defenders screechy preaching. Instead, they sound almost exactly how youd think a Black Lips/King Khan BBQ Show lovechild would sound. Theyve taken Black Lips crunchy guitars, inhuman wailing, and frat-boy sense of humor, thrown in a bit of the King Khan BBQ Shows soulful swagger, plus both bands love of shoddy production, to create a couple of anti-gospel gospel tributes. We will write a custom essay sample on Almighty Defenders – The Almighty Defenders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recorded in a week in Ber ­lin, the Almighty Defenders self-titled debut sounds like drunken buddies having fun recording a jam session in their basement. The opening track, â€Å"All My Loving† – a grooving tribute to hand-clapping, amen-shouting Southern churches – is quickly offset by a strange invocation of the Holy Ghost on â€Å"The Ghost with the Most.† There are moments in â€Å"30 Second Air Blast† and â€Å"Death Cult Soup n Salad† that are largely composed of squeals, grunts, and Three Stooges impressions. The Defenders biggest problem, though, is production. They lose the balance between rough around the edges and plain incomprehensible. The vocals barely reach the mic, the guitars are fuzzed beyond recognition, and the drums sound like theyre being hit with rain sticks. â€Å"The Almighty Defenders† is a fun listen. There are some good tracks and they have a cute concept, but all in all, these prophets fail to inspire faith.

Case Study - the Blue Spider Project free essay sample

Case Study – The Blue Spider Project 1. Discuss the project management organization on the project. Strengths? Weaknessess? Recommendations. Parks Corporation used a matrix project management organization on the Blue Spider Project. It was a multi-disciplinary team where the members came from different functional units such as Research and Development, Engineering, Manufacturing, Quality Control, Purchasing, and Finance. Gary Anderson, the Project Manager, was responsible for the project but his responsibility for performance of the individual phases of the work to be accomplished on the project remained with the functional managers. Anderson assigned, monitored, and coordinated work among the project team. But, the functional managers had the last say on would be involved in deciding who would work on the project team and remained responsible for long-term administrative issues. All the people working on the Blue Spider Project had two bosses and if they were working on more than one project they could have had even more. If all the key players involved with the Blue Spider Project had understood the distinction between what and how, the conflicts between Anderson and the functional managers would have been greatly reduced. Success of the Blue Spider Project depended on the ability of Anderson and the willingness of the functional managers to cooperate. But this did not occur very often if at all. Personnel working on the project reported to their functional managers who had objectives that sometimes did not coincide with Anderson’s objectives on the Blue Spider Project. There was also little or no understanding of the relationships between the different functional organizations and this created communication problems between Anderson and the other team members, as well as the other functional managers. The team’s ability to react quickly was hampered by the poor communication and a lack of priority control over facilities and other projects that were being worked. Cost control on the project may have been better due to the flexibility of man-loading personnel but it was less effective because of the lack of direct control Anderson had over the performance of personnel involved in the project. There were also times when Anderson failed to realize the many and varied demands that were placed on the functional managers and they found themselves in a position where the demand for their resources could not be adequately met. The functional managers had limited resources at their disposal and they had to juggle these resources in order to satisfy most of the demands for most of the time. They often had deadlines, relating to both departmental work in progress as well as to each project that they were supplying resources to. The Blue Spider Project had changes that affected the agreement and commitment of the required functional resources and these had important implications for the functional managers. It was human nature for Anderson’s requests to be over prioritized because he was trying to ensure that he got the best resources available. Strengths of Parks Corporation’s matrix project management organization: A flexible reservoir of technical specialists was retained Technical and managerial integration One focal point in project management. Unfortunately the management was weak. Consistent management approach to the project. Unfortunately the approach was reactive and not proactive. People were reassigned to the project without changing the organization Weaknesses of Parks Corporation’s matrix project management organization: The project manager had no line authority over the functional organizations Planning and control systems were required, but not used A large number of task and organizational interfaces were created and these were not communicated There was a delicate balance of power between project and functional organizations, and it seemed like the functional organizations had the power most of the time There was a conflict of loyalty between the functional managers and project manager over the allocation of resources The projects was difficult to monitor because the teams seemed to have a lot of independence Costs increased because the budget was not managed effectively Recommendations 1. Parks Corporation should have appointed an experienced project manager to run the Blue Spider project and Gary Anderson, who was an experienced engineer, should have been made the assistant project manager with the responsibility of managing the project’s RD activities. Anderson was too inexperienced as a project manager and really had no clue what the true responsibilities were for managing a project except what he might have learned in his MBA program. 2. Project requirements needed to be clear and specific. In order to achieve successful project management and implementation, Anderson needed to ensure the requirements for the Blue Spider Project were clearly stated and written down in detail, so everyone involved in the project clearly understood the requirements. And, everyone needed to know what was not included in the Blue Spider Project. 3. Regular and effective communication was needed. If effective communication channels were established that let team members share their knowledge and skills Anderson could have delivered the right understanding of the project requirements to all the team members involved. All types of communication helps build a bridge between team members and stakeholders who have the responsibility to detect potential problems, clarify details, and maintain trust. 4. There was a need for making project assignments clear and allocating work effectively and efficiently to the team. Project assignments should have been made to the appropriate person or group. Making the right assignments should have involved the personnel with the required skills and knowledge in collaboration and implementation. Multitasking and overload should have been avoided and every assignment should have been made in strict accordance with the competencies of the team members. Anderson should have been ready to delegate tasks and make reassignments if necessary. 5. The Blue Spider Team needed to know specifically how one task relied on another task. This is important because the team members would understand when and how the completion of one task impacts the starting date of a dependent task. If the project manager is successful at defining these specific dependent tasks, then the team will be successful at doing the tasks in the right sequence and the project will stay on schedule and be successful. 6. The Blue Spider team needed to be committed to the project. The right assignments would have achieved commitment and if the team agreed on the work, understood the requirements; were ready to share their skills; and work in a collaborative environment then they would have established a strong commitment to the project. 7. Any potential risks should have been identified in advance. This avoids missteps and reduces the probability of project failure. A contingency plan should have been developed to determine the actions to take in the case of an emergency such as the project is out of scope, there are no funds available, or critical changes in the customer’s expectations. The project manager needs to be ready to identify, discuss, and evaluate all possible risks before the project starts. 2. Discuss the main personalities on the project. Gary Anderson – Project Manager Gary Anderson was a fine, experienced engineer and he was eager to take on the responsibilities of Project Manager for the Blue Spider Project. He had sufficient technical engineering skills, but he didn’t have a sufficiently broad ability and background to be adequately conversant with all of the disciplines involved in the project. Anderson had sufficient drive and aggressiveness. However, he didn’t have the sufficient skills in business development and his skills in planning, work definition, scheduling, estimating and budgeting, and project control systems was also lacking. Initially, Anderson was able to establish a team effort with his abilities to work with people and establish enthusiasm and an esprit de corps. However, this started to erode toward the end. He was not good at communicating ideas in a timely manner and he was even worse at delegating responsibility. Anderson also lacked the skills to properly plan work for him and others. Anderson could not properly assess and coordinate various requirements of broad areas of activity and make timely decisions and establish a balance between thoughts and action. Henry Gable – Director of Engineering Henry Gable knew the ins and outs of project management because of his experience. He knew that successful program managers had to be able to communicate, had to know how to motivate people, and that they are totally committed and dedicated to the project. He was also somewhat helpful to Gary Anderson in putting together the Blue Spider Project team. However, it did include one of his yes men Paul Evans a project engineer. He was also honest in telling Gary Anderson that if he failed as the Blue Spider project manager, Anderson would not get his senior engineering job back. The biggest thing that was fairly obvious to me was that Henry Gable lacked integrity and was unethical. He hired Anderson because he thought Anderson would be a yes man and go along with everything Gable wanted. Gable wanted Anderson to falsify the actual test matrix specifications in the RFP. Once the project started Gable had private meetings with one his yes men, Paul Evans, to privately discuss the previous day’s raw materials test data. Gable also spent Lord Industries money on testing the new JXB-3 material and didn’t inform Anderson what he was doing. And, when Anderson found out, Gable told Anderson to tell Lord Industries that Parks Corporation money was used and they would be happy because Parks Corporation was spending their own money on the Blue Spider Project. Gable is a real piece of work in my mind. He sets Gary Anderson up for failure because he is inexperienced as a project manager, then he goes behind Anderson’s back to test some new material, and then he gets a substantial bonus from corporate headquarters for his work on the Blue Spider Project and Anderson only gets a letter of congratulations. And, to keep Anderson quiet about his underhandedness, Gable gave Anderson his engineering job back. I just can’t believe he made it all the way up the Parks’ corporate ladder to Director of Engineering. Paul Evans – Chief Project Engineer Paul Evans was an experienced engineer who, for the most part, was an honest and upfront person. He told Anderson that he had doubts about the validity of the test matrix and that if it proved to be a failure the scope of effort would have to be changed and there would be a cost overrun if trade-offs were not made to see what could be deleted downstream. He also told Anderson about the secret meetings he was having with Gable and that Gable would try to manipulate them. But, he didn’t tell Anderson that he was working with Gable on the side to test the new JXB-3 material. Evans told Anderson they needed to inform Parks’ upper management when the results of the accelerated aging tests indicated that the new materials would meet specifications, but the age life would be less than five years. However, when Anderson refused to tell upper management and told Evans that he would handle the issue, Evans agreed to go along with Anderson’s decision and suffer the consequences later. 3. What tools of project management were used or ill-used? Project Management Tools Used Master Program Plan – Based on statements in the case study I believe Parks Corporation had a master program plan in place that considered the entire project from initiation by the customer, through the proposal stage, through the negotiation, award, and performance. It is just hard to tell if the plan was incremental in nature and if it started with a broad top level logic diagram. I believe it was implemented in detail as the Blue Spider project moved through the various phases. Financial Plan – There were several references in the case study on finances, so I believe there was a financial plan in place that allocated resources for the Blue Spider Program and included the financial management processes needed for achieving both contract cost goals and company financial objectives. I am sure the plan included cost expenditure plans, man loading plans, and contingency alternate plans. Technical Performance Plan – There were also several references to technical performance and specifications so I am certain there was a technical performance plan in place that provided the basis for predicting total system technical performance based on system element data that included; (1) technical performance parameters; (2) goals and target parameter values; (3) milestones for planned parameter profiles. Project Management Tools Ill-Used Project Charter – A formal document that provides authority to a project manager to conduct a project within scope, quality, time and cost and resource constraints as laid down in the document. A charter usually includes a mission statement, including background, purpose, and benefits, a goal, objectives, scope, assumptions and constraints. There was no reference to a Project Charter in the case study. But, if a charter existed, Anderson would have been a lot more successful putting together a team than one that was just adequate. He would have also avoided the slow-down in decision-making and difficulty in motivating his team members. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – This document is vital to any project because it clarifies and provides key details for a number of project management activities. The WBS provides a detailed illustration of project scope; monitors progress of the project; creates accurate cost and schedule estimates; and provides every team member with clear work assignments and a sense of how their work fits into the overall effort. Anderson would have benefitted tremendously if a WBS had been created and project management activities had been included in the WBS because he could have been a lot more proactive in managing the project and not reactive. The majority of the tasks should have been everyday work, such as communication and problem resolution. These types of tasks would have helped Anderson with his lack of communication with his customer, functional managers, and team members. It would have also kept Henry Gable from secretly developing the JXB-3 material and spending Blue Spider Project money to do it. The WBS would have also been a great tool for Anderson to delegate work; avoid â€Å"doing everything himself†; stay on top of the project’s cost and performance; ease the burden of the â€Å"bureaucratic red tape of project management. Earned Value Management System – This is an integrative approach which brings cost, schedule, and technical planning and control all together to give the project manager an effective system for managing the project. The secret to making an earned value management system work is the work breakdown structure. This system would have provided the data and information for Anderson to know if the Blue Spider project was: (1) Ahead of schedule and under budget; (2) Ahead of schedule and over budget; (3) Behind schedule and under budget; or (4) Behind schedule and over budget. Risk Management Plan – All projects involve some degree of risk, so a project risk plan is needed to define and document those procedures that will be used to manage risk throughout the life of the project. Risk is any factor that may potentially interfere with successful completion of the project. Therefore, it follows that by recognizing potential problems the project manager and core team members can avoid most, if not all, of these problems through proper actions. A risk management plan should also specify who is responsible for managing the different areas of risk, how risks will be tracked through the project life cycle, how contingency plans will be implemented, and how project reserves will be allocated in order to handle risks. If the Blue Spider Project had a risk management plan the temperature range issue could have been dealt with more effectively and efficiently. Communication Management Plan – Having a communication plan in place is an essential component for good project management. This document ensures that all stakeholders are equally informed of how, when, and why communication will happen. Communication is often a very effective way to solve problems, deal with risks, and ensure that tasks are completed on time. Successful communication plans identify stakeholders, the information to be communicated, and how this information will be communicated and they leave nothing to chance. The plan is designed to provide everyone involved in a project a general framework on the development of a more strategic approach to: Ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information Provide the critical links among people and information that are necessary for successful communications Guide the project manager, the project team, stakeholders, customer, sponsor, and everyone involved in the project understand how communications affect the project as a whole This was one of Anderson’s biggest problems. He just did not communicate effectively with all the external and internal stakeholders involved with the Blue Spider project. If he did life would have been much better for him. Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM) – This document describes the participation by various roles in completing tasks or deliverables for a project. It is especially useful in clarifying roles and responsibi lities in cross-functional/departmental projects and processes. The document lays out who are responsible for doing the work to achieve the task; who is ultimately accountable for the correct and thorough completion of the deliverable or task, and the one to whom the responsible individual is accountable; those individuals whose opinions are sought; and with whom there is two-way communication; and those individuals who are kept up-to-date on progress, often only on completion of the task or deliverable; and with whom there is just one-way communication. 4. What went right or wrong on the project? List the reasons. What should have been done? The only thing that went right on the Blue Spider project is that Parks Corporation was awarded a sole-source contract for qualification and production of Spartan Missile components using the new longer-life raw materials. The reason this happened is that in spite of the fact the project was behind schedule, over budget and out of scope, and there was poor project management, definition, planning, and control was the fact that all the folks involved rolled up their sleeves and overcame all these obstacles to win the follow-on contract. All of these folks were experienced in their jobs and they all knew how important the success of the Blue Spider project was to the Parks Corporation. Based on the information in the case study, everything that could go wrong did go wrong. The project did not meet cost, schedule, quality goals, and there was a breakdown in communication on several occasions. I believe there were three reasons for all these problems. First, there was no project definition that laid out a firm foundation for the project. As the project manager, Gary Anderson, needed to determine the purpose, goals, and constraints of the project and then make these known to all the stakeholders. These become the foundation for making all project decisions because they describe the cost-schedule-quality relationship and connect the project to the mission of the Parks Corporation. Gary Anderson should have established basic project management controls. He also should have gotten an agreement on which people and functions were to be involved in the project and what their roles would be. Anderson also needed to clarify the chain of command, communication strategy, and change control process. When these decisions and strategies are documented and accepted they communicate to all the stakeholders the expectations about the way the project will be managed. It would also be an agreement that Anderson could have referred to keep everyone accountable for their responsibilities in the project. In other words, they are the rules of engagement that outline how to play the project â€Å"game† and what it takes to win. Second, project planning was not complete by any means as I have already discussed in the answer to question #3 above. Thorough project planning puts together the details of how the project goals will be met based on the given constraints. Estimating and scheduling techniques lay out how much work the project will entail, who will do the work, when the work will be accomplished, and how much it will cost to do the work. In addition, risk management will identify those areas with the greatest uncertainty and develop strategies to mitigate the risk. A detailed project plan includes: (1) Work schedules and deadlines; (2) Budgets, cost accounts, and a cost control system; (3) Detailed Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and work packages; (4) Areas of hrisk and uncertainty and contingency plans; (5) Personnel plan and utilization plans; (6) Plans for testing; (7) A documentation plan; (8) A change control and work review plan; and (9) Initial implementation plans. Third, project control that includes all the activities to keep the project on track was not evident in the case study. These activities include: Progress Measurement – This activity identifies problems early, so they are easier to solve. This activity also provides feedback that validates the estimates in the plan and the cost-schedulequality relationship. Communication – Obviously communication is vital in controlling a project because it keeps everyone coordinated, aware of any changes, and updated on the progress of the project. Corrective action – This is the day-to-day responses to all the problems and obstacles that are encountered on a project. Any project must begin with definition, then move to planning, and finally move to control. These steps can be repeated many times because planning could lead to modifications in the project definition, and controlling actions could require a change to the plan, and maybe even to the project definition. So, it’s possible a project manger could spend time every day defining, planning, and controlling. Some more thoughts on what should have been. There needed to be agreement among the Blue Spider Project team, Parks Corporation management, and the team from Lord Industries on the goals of the project at the very beginning. A plan that shows an overall path and clear responsibilities and that can be used to measure progress during the project was needed. Constant and effective communication among everyone involved in the project was also a must. Much more effort needed to be put into managing stakeholder expectations. This is an important, ongoing task that should have been accomplished throughout the project, especially when the changes to the JXB-3B material were made. Finally, it would have been more beneficial to all parties concerned if Anderson was able to work more productively with the functional managers because the project would have been a lot more successful and Anderson job would have been a lot easier and a lot less stressful. Anderson would have also gotten the right people at the right time and timely decisions based on the facts presented by the project team.

Informative Essay Samples - Important Guidelines To Consider

Informative Essay Samples - Important Guidelines To ConsiderGenerally, an informative essay is one that not only tells the reader what to think but also makes it possible for the reader to discover what that subject is actually about. Informative essays have to be put together with a certain quantity of skill and it is at the same time a crucial element of any individual's writing career. The most common error that would happen if a student tries to write a well-researched and carefully written informative essay on a topic is that the resulting essay will not have a strong positive impact. If your essay does not attract the reader with the title or the thesis statement, you can expect some effectual feedback.If you are trying to write a thesis or an overview of your life, you need to write an introduction, and if you are doing so in an educational institution, you need to consider the help of informative introductory essay samples. Using these samples will make it easy for you to see how the style of your work should be arranged, and how each part should be put together.What makes a good informative explanatory essay? Your essay needs to convey some information to the reader that will be helpful to him or her, but it also has to tell the reader about things that are worth knowing.The first thing that you have to do when you are looking for an informative introductory essay sample is to decide the topic. For instance, if you are writing an essay about your love for traveling, then you need to pick a subject that is like the one you are writing about. Since your subject is a travel-oriented one, it should have some depth and should also convey its significance in some way.You should also include some data about yourself in your essay. You should be as accurate as possible when doing this. In order to be able to obtain a good introductory essay sample, you need to pick one that features several topics. After picking the topic and giving a few details about yoursel f, you should put forward your own opinion, which you are comfortable expressing, and provide data that backs up the statement you are going to make.Next, you should provide a summary of your topic. This should be presented in a manner that lets the reader know where you are going with your essay. It also should show how you have gathered your data and what is likely to be the outcome of the research you have conducted. In addition, your summary should not be too long, since you don't want the reader to become bored with it.The most important thing to remember when writing a successful essay is to be as concise as possible. You should use paragraphs or sentences to convey more information, so don't use lots of unnecessary words, and make sure you are not exaggerating. If there is anything you want to emphasize, be sure to emphasize it clearly. Try to eliminate redundancies as much as possible.Keep in mind that informational introductory essay samples are available for you to check o ut, and if you pick a topic that interests you, you can even get the chance to use them as examples in your work. Remember that a good idea is not enough, but also the ability to express it in a clear and concise manner. With this in mind, you will be able to produce a highly impressive work.

Lord Of The Flies Characters Essays - Fiction,

Lord Of The Flies Characters Lord of the Flies In his first novel, William Golding used a group of boys stranded on a tropical island to illustrate the malicious nature of mankind. Lord of the Flies dealt with changes that the boys underwent as they gradually adapted to the isolated freedom from society. Three main characters depicted different effects on certain individuals under those circumstances. Jack Merridew began as the arrogant and self-righteous leader of a choir. The freedom of the island allowed him to further develop the darker side of his personality as the Chief of a savage tribe. Ralph started as a self-assured boy whose confidence in himself came from the acceptance of his peers. He had a fair nature as he was willing to listen to Piggy. He became increasingly dependent on Piggy's wisdom and became lost in the confusion around him. Towards the end of the story his rejection from their society of savage boys forced him to fend for himself. Piggy was an educated boy who had grown up as an outcast. Due to his academic childhood, he was more mature than the others and retained his civilized behaviour. But his experiences on the island gave him a more realistic understanding of the cruelty possessed by some people. The ordeals of the three boys on the island made them more aware of the evil inside themselves and, in some cases, made the false politeness that had clothed them disappear. However, the changes experienced by one boy differed from those endured by another. This is attributable to the physical and mental differences between them. Jack was first described with having an air of cruelty that made him naturally unlikeable. As leader of the choir and one of the tallest boys on the island, Jack's physical height and authority matched his arrogant personality. His desire to be Chief was clearly evident in his first appearance. When the idea of having a Chief was mentioned Jack spoke out immediately. I ought to be chief, said Jack with simple arrogance, because I'm chapter chorister and head boy. He led his choir by administering much discipline resulting in forced obedience from the cloaked boys. His ill-nature was well expressed through his impoliteness in saying, Shut up, Fatty. at Piggy (p. 23). However, despite his unpleasant personality, his lack of courage and his conscience prevented him from killing the first pig they encountered: They knew very well why he hadn't: because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood (p. 34). Even at the meetings, Jack was able to contain himself under the leadership of Ralph. He had even suggested the implementation of rules to regulate themselves. This was a Jack who was proud to be British, and who was shaped and still bound by the laws of a civilized society. The freedom offered to him by the island allowed Jack to express the darker sides of his personality that were repressed by the ideals of his past environment. Without adults as a superior and responsible authority, he began to lose his fear of being punished for improper actions and behaviour. This freedom along with his malicious and arrogant personality made it possible for him to quickly degenerate into a savage. He put on paint, first to camouflage himself from the pigs. But he discovered that the paint allowed him to hide the forbidden thoughts in his mind that his facial expressions would otherwise show: The mask was a thing on its own behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness (p. 69). Through hunting, Jack lost his fear of blood and of killing living animals. He reached a point where he actually enjoyed the sensation of hunting a prey afraid of his spear and knife. His natural desire for blood and violence was brought out by his hunting of pigs. As Ralph became lost in his own confusion, Jack began to assert himself as chief. The boys realizing that Jack was a stronger and more self-assured leader gave in easily to the freedom of Jack's savagery. Placed in a position of power and with his followers sharing his crazed hunger for violence, Jack gained encouragement

Buddhism Essays - Nstika, Buddhism, Gautama Buddha, Transtheism

Buddhism Essays - Nstika, Buddhism, Gautama Buddha, Transtheism Buddhism BUDDHISM INTRODUCTION There are four noble truths upon which all Buddhist teaching is based. It is said that if you do not understand these truths it is impossible for you to practice Buddhism. Buddhism, like most other religions has the potential to serve the community and produce good well-natured people. To be a successful Buddhist you must understand the interdependent nature of reality. All of Buddhist Philosophy rests on this one basic truth. In addition to this, you must also practice non-violence, this is at the very least refraining from harming others, but more specifically it means that you should do your best to help other people. When you decide to become Buddhist, you decide to take refuge in the three jewels. From this you develop Bodhichitta (compassion), or a good heart. The three Jewels of Buddhism are Buddha, the Dharma and his teachings, and the Sanngha. To develop ones Bodhichitta it is necessary to aim all, or most, of ones activities to helping others. You must develop a good founda tion in this or you will not be able to achieve higher levels in Bodhichitta. It is important to realize that the practice of taking refuge in the Three Jewels is not just a ceremony, this confusion is because of the Refuge Ceremony that is often associated. The most important thing is reflection, and believing in the teachings of Buddha. Most Buddhists think of Buddha as not just a man. They believe in buddhahood which is based on spiritual levels. Buddhahood is a spiritual state of being. This is why Buddhist scriptures speak of many Buddhas i.e. Buddhas of past present and future. This means that a Buddha can come into being. The question is only, how is that accomplished? To become a Buddha that would mean you would have to become fully enlightened. Many people question whether this is level of enlightenment is even possible to attain. One thing that may be close are the Sangha. The Sangha are people who follow the Dharma and its teachings. These people have reached an incredibl e level of enlightenment. They have rejected a great deal of negative thinking and afflictive emotions. Even they, however have not removed all of this, to do so would be to enter Buddhahood. In the four noble truths, the order in which they are written or introduced, is not necessarily in order of importance or even the order in which they may appear in life. The truths work different for each individual Buddhist. Happiness for example is different for everyone. Happiness has two meanings in Buddhism. One of course is the traditional sense of happiness. The other is the total absence of suffering, this may not result in extreme elation but it is considered the highest form of happiness because there is complete freedom from suffering. This is Cessation. This can never be produced or created by anything however, from the Buddhist perspective. The deepest Buddhist hopes are to be free from suffering. To explain simply the Four Basic Truths as simply as possible; 1. To be free of suffering, and to be fully understood 2. To have control of the things which cause suffering 3. the supreme truth and final liberation of nirvana which is achieved as the cause of suffering is eliminated. The mind experiences complete freedom and liberation 4. the truth of the eightfold ariya path leading to the cessation of suffering. HISTORY Buddhism was founded in Northern India by the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. He was born in 563 in Lumbini which is in modern-day Nepal. At the age of 29, he left his wife, children and political involvements in order to seek truth; this was an accepted practice at the time for some men to leave their family and lead the life of an ascetic. He studied Brahmanism, but ultimately rejected it. In 535 BC, he reached enlightenment and assumed the title Buddha. He is also referred to as the Sakyamuni, (sage of the Sakya clan). He promoted The Middle Way, rejecting both extremes of the mortification of the flesh and of hedonism as paths toward the state of Nirvana. He had many disciples and accumulated a large public following by the time of his death in his early 80s in 483